Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after exposure to trauma involving death or the threat of death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

PTSD triggers intrusive symptoms like reliving the traumatic event. Many individuals experience vivid nightmares, flashbacks, or intrusive thoughts that seem to appear unexpectedly. They may also avoid situations or places that remind them of the trauma. For example, someone who was in a car crash may avoid driving.

People with PTSD often feel anxious or "on edge" all the time. They may startle easily, have trouble concentrating, feel irritable, or struggle with sleep. They may also feel as though something terrible is about to happen, even when they are safe. Some may experience emotional numbness or detachment, feeling disconnected from their surroundings, body, or thoughts.

Who is affected by it?
While most people will experience some form of trauma in their lifetime, not everyone will develop PTSD. The reasons why trauma leads to PTSD in some individuals but not others are not fully understood, but several factors likely play a role. These may include the duration of the trauma, the number of other traumatic experiences in a person's life, their reaction to the event, and the type of support they received afterward.

Trauma isn’t always a single, isolated event. Ongoing experiences, such as abuse or wartime trauma, can have lasting effects that go beyond PTSD symptoms. In these cases, the term “complex PTSD” is sometimes used to describe the impact.

What can I do about it?
Many people with PTSD experience feelings of guilt or shame. Society often suggests that we should "move on" from difficult experiences, and this can make it hard for those struggling with PTSD to seek help. Some people may even blame themselves for what happened. Trauma is painful, and if it’s affecting your life, it’s important to acknowledge those feelings and speak to a healthcare professional for support.

How can I help a loved one?
When a loved one is diagnosed with PTSD, family members often face their own challenges. You may feel angry or guilty about the trauma, and experience difficulties because of your loved one’s PTSD symptoms. You might worry that things will never feel “normal” again. Here are some tips for supporting someone with PTSD:

Educate yourself about PTSD.
People with PTSD may withdraw from friends and family.
Recognize that behaviors related to PTSD—such as avoiding triggers or reacting strongly to minor issues—are symptoms of the illness, not personal actions directed at you.
While it’s important to avoid supporting harmful behaviors, continue to support your loved one’s journey toward healing.
Offer help when asked, but avoid pushing unsolicited advice.
Express your own feelings and encourage your loved one to do the same. Open communication makes it easier to resolve conflicts and understand one another.
Take care of your own mental health and seek support if needed.
If PTSD is affecting the whole family, consider seeking family counseling.
Recovery from PTSD benefits the entire family, especially young members who are learning how to navigate the world. A loved one’s healing process can be an opportunity for everyone to develop the skills necessary to support each other’s well-being.